Publications

Books

Bollen, K.A. and P. J. Curran. 2006. Latent Curve Models: A Structural Equation Perspective. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics. New York: Wiley, 285 pages.

Bollen, K.A. and J.S. Long (eds). 1993. Testing Structural Equation Models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 320 pages.

Bollen, K. A. 1989. Structural Equations with Latent Variables. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics. New York: Wiley, 514 pages

Published Papers

Chen, F., P.J. Curran, K. A. Bollen, J.B. Kirby, and P.M. Paxton. 2008. "An Empirical Evaluation of the Use of Fixed Cutoff Points in RMSEA Test Statistics in Structural Equation Models." Sociological Methods and Research 36:462-94.

Bollen, K.A., J. B. Kirby, P. J. Curran, P. M. Paxton, and F. Chen. 2007. "Latent Variable Models under Misspecification: Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) Estimators." Sociological Methods and Research 36:46-86.

Bollen, K. A. and Albert Maydeu-Oliveres. 2007. "A Polychoric Instrumental Variable (PIV) Estimator for Structural Equation Models with Categorical Variables." Psychometrika 72:309-26.

Grace, James B. and K. A. Bollen. Accepted for Publication. "Representing General Theoretical Concepts in Structural Equation Models: The Role of Composite Variables." Environmental and Ecological Statistics.

Bollen, K.A., S. Rabe-Hesketh, and A. Skrondal. Accepted for Publication. "Structural Equation Models." In J. Box-Steffensmeier, H. Brady, and D. Collier (eds.) Handbook of Political Methodology.

Siemsen, E. and K.A. Bollen. 2007. "Least Absolute Deviation Estimation in Structural Equation Modeling." Sociological Methods and Research 36:227-65.

Bollen, K.A., Jennifer Glanville, and Guy Stecklov. 2007. "Socioeconomic Status, Permanent Income, and Fertility: A Latent Variable Approach." Population Studies 61:15-34.

Bollen, K.A. 2007. "On the Origins of Latent Curve Models." Pages 79-98 in Robert Cudeck and Robert MacCallum (eds) Factor Analysis at 100. Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Palomo, Jesus, David B. Dunson, and K. A. Bollen. 2007. "Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling." Pages 163-88 in Sik-Yum Lee (ed.) Handbook of Structural Equation Models. Elsevier Publishing.

Grace, James B. and K. A. Bollen. 2005. "Interpreting the Results from Multiple Regression and Structural Equation Models." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 86:283-95.

Bollen, K.A., P.M. Paxton, and R. Morishima. 2005. "Assessing International Evaluations: An Example from USAID's Democracy and Governance Programs." American Journal of Evaluation 26:189-203.

Perreria, K., N. Deeb-Sossa, K. M. Harris, and K. A. Bollen. 2005. "What Are We Measuring? An Evaluation of the CES-D across Race, Ethnicity, and Immigrant Generation." Social Forces 83:1567-602.
(Selected as "honorable mention" for the 2007 Best Publication in the Sociology of Mental Health by the Mental Health Section of the American Sociological Association.)

Hipp, J., D.J. Bauer, and K. A. Bollen. 2005. "Conducting Tetrad Tests of Model Fit and Contrasts of Tetrad-Nested Models: A New SAS Macro." Structural Equation Modeling 12:76-93.

Bollen, K.A. and P.J. Curran. 2004. "Autoregressive Latent Trajectory (ALT) Models: A Synthesis of Two Traditions." Sociological Methods and Research 32:336-83.

Bollen, K.A. and D.J. Bauer. 2004. "Automating the Selection of Model-Implied Instrumental Variables." Sociological Methods and Research 32:425-52.

Biesanz, J., N. Deeb-Sossa, A. Papadakis, K.A. Bollen, and P. Curran. 2004. "The Role of Coding Time in Estimating and Interpreting Growth Curve Models." Psychological Methods 9:30-52.

Hipp, J., D.J. Bauer, P.J. Curran, and K. A. Bollen. 2004. "Crimes of Opportunity or Crimes of Emotion? Testing Two Explanations of Seasonal Change in Crime." Social Forces 82:1333-72.

Bollen, K. A., Christ, S. L., and Hipp, J. R. 2004. "Growth Curve Model." In Michael Lewis-Beck, Alan Bryan and Tim Futing Liao (eds.), Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Curran, P.J., K. A. Bollen, F. Chen, P. Paxton, & J. Kirby. 2003. "Finite sampling properties of the RMSEA: Point estimates and confidence intervals." Sociological Methods and Research 32:208-52.

Hipp, J. and K. A. Bollen. 2003. "Model Fit in Structural Equation Models with Censored, Ordinal, and Dichotomous Variables: Testing Vanishing Tetrads." Sociological Methodology 2003. 33:267-305.

Paxton, P., K. A. Bollen, D. Lee, and H. Kim. 2003. "A Half Century of Suffrage: New Data and a Comparative Analysis." Studies in Comparative International Development 38:93-122.

Paxton, P. and K. A. Bollen. 2003. "Perceived Quality and Methodology in Graduate Department Ratings: The Case of Sociology, Political Science, and Economics." Sociology of Education 76:71-88

Bollen, K.A. 2002. "Latent Variables in Psychology and the Social Sciences." Annual Review of Psychology 53:605-34. To be reprinted in Martin Bulmer, Patrick Sturgis, and Nick Allum (eds.) Secondary Analysis of Survey Data, Sage Publications Ltd. in 2006.

Bollen, K.A., J. Glanville, and G. Stecklov. 2002. "Economic Status Proxies in Studies of Fertility in Developing Countries: Does the Measure Matter?" Population Studies 56:81-96.

Bollen, K.A. and J. Biesanz. 2002. "A Note on a Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) Estimator for Higher Order Factor Analysis." Sociological Methods & Research 30:568-79.

Bollen, K. A. 2001 (print) 2002 (electronic). "Indicator: Methodology." Pages 7282-87 in Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes (editors-in-chief). International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Oxford, U.K.:Elsevier Science.

Curran, P.J., K. A. Bollen, P. Paxton, J. Kirby, & F. Chen. 2002. "The Noncentral chi-square distribution in misspecified structural equation models: Finite sample results from a Monte Carlo simulation." Multivariate Behavioral Research 37:1-36.

Bollen, K. A., J. Glanville, and G. Stecklov. 2001. "Socioeconomic Status and Class in Studies of Fertility And Health in Developing Countries." Annual Review of Sociology 27:153-85.

Bollen, K.A. 2001. "Two-stage Least Squares and Latent Variable Models: Simultaneous Estimation and Robustness to Misspecifications." Pages 119-38 in Robert Cudeck, Stephen Du Toit, and Dag Sörbom (eds), Structural Equation Modeling: Present and Future, A Festschrift in Honor of Karl Jöreskog. Lincoln, IL:Scientific Software.

Curran, P. J. and K. A. Bollen. 2001. "The Best of Both Worlds: Combining Autoregressive and Latent Curve Models." Pages 107-35 in L. Collins and A. Sayer (eds), New Methods for the Analysis of Change. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Paxton, P.M., P. Curran, K. A. Bollen, J. Kirby, and F. Chen. 2001. "Monte Carlo Experiments: Design and Implementation." Structural Equation Modeling 8(2):287-312.

Chen, F., K. A. Bollen, P. Paxton, P. Curran, and J. Kirby. 2001. "Improper Solutions in Structural Equation Models: Causes, Consequences, and Strategies." Sociological Methods & Research 29:468-508.

Speizer, Ilene and K. A. Bollen. 2000. "How Well Do Perceptions of Family Planning Service Quality Correspond To Objective Measures? Evidence From Tanzania." Studies in Family Planning 31:163-77.

Bollen, K.A. and Kwok-fai Ting. 2000. "A Tetrad Test for Causal Indicators." Psychological Methods 5:3-22.

Bollen, K.A. and P. Paxton. 2000. "Subjective Measures of Liberal Democracy." Comparative Political Studies 33:58-86.

Mroz, T., K. A. Bollen, I. Speizer, and D. Dominic. 1999. "Quality, Accessibility, and Contraceptive Use in Rural Tanzania." Demography 36:23-40.

Bollen, K. A. and Juan Diez Medrano. 1998. "Who are the Spaniards? Nationalism and Identification in Spain." Social Forces 77:587-621.

Bollen, K.A. and P. Paxton. 1998. "Detection and Determinants of Bias in Subjective Measures." American Sociological Review 63:465-78.

Bollen, K.A. and Kwok-fai Ting. 1998. "Bootstrapping a Test Statistic for Vanishing Tetrads." Sociological Methods and Research 27:77-102.

Bollen, K.A. 1998. "Structural Equation Models." Pages 4363-72 in Encyclopedia of Biostatistics. P. Armitage and T. Colton (editors-in chief) Sussex, England:John Wiley.

Bollen, K.A. 1998. "Path Analysis." Encyclopedia of Biostatistics. P. Armitage and T. Colton (editors-in-chief) Sussex, England:John Wiley.

Bollen, K.A. 1998. "LISREL Models." Encyclopedia of Biostatistics. P. Armitage and T. Colton (editors-in-chief) Sussex, England:John Wiley.

Bollen, K.A. and Pamela Paxton. 1998. "Interactions of Latent Variables in Structural Equation Models." Structural Equation Modeling 5:267-93. Reprinted as "Two-Stage Least Squares Estimation of Interaction Effects", pages 125-51 in R.E. Schumacker and G.A. Marcoulides (eds), 1998, Interaction and Nonlinear Effects in Structural Equation Modeling, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Bollen, K.A. and Pamela Paxton. 1997. "Democracy Before Athens." Pages 13-44 in M. Midlarsky (ed) Inequality and Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Slifkin, Rebecca, Kerry E. Kilpatrick, Matthew C. Johnsen, and Kenneth A. Bollen. 1997. "A Resident-Based Reimbursement System for Intermediate Care Facilities for the Mentally Retarded." Health Care Financing Review 18:61-72.

Bollen, K.A. 1996. "An Alternative 2SLS Estimator for Latent Variable Models." Psychometrika, 61:109-21.

Bollen, K.A. 1996. "A Limited-Information Estimator for LISREL Models With and Without Heteroscedastic Errors." Pages 227-41 in George Marcoulides and Randy Schumacker (eds). Advanced Structural Equation Modeling Techniques. Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.

Bollen, K.A., D. Guilkey, and T. Mroz. 1995. "Binary Outcomes and Endogenous Explanatory Variables: Tests and Solutions with an Application to the Demand for Contraceptive Use in Tunisia." Demography 32:111-31.

Bollen, K.A., 1995. "Structural Equation Models that are Nonlinear in Latent Variables: A Least Squares Estimator." Sociological Methodology 25:223-51.

Bollen, K.A., 1995. "Measures of Political Democracy." Pages 817-21 in Seymour Martin Lipset (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly.

Bollen, K.A. and S. Appold. 1993. "National Industrial Structure and the Global System." American Sociological Review, 58:283-301.

Bollen, K.A. 1993. "Liberal Democracy: Validity and Method Factors in Cross-National Measures." American Journal of Political Science, 37:1207-30.

Bollen, K.A. and K. Ting. 1993. "Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis." Sociological Methodology 23:147-75.

Bollen, K.A., B. Entwisle, and A. Anderson. 1993. "Macrocomparative Research Methods." Annual Review of Sociology. 19:321-51. Reprinted in A. Sica (ed.) 2005. Comparative Methods in the Social Sciences. SAGE Benchmarks in Social Research Methods series. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Bollen, K.A. and J.S. Long (eds.). 1992. Tests for Structural Equation Models. Special issue of Sociological Methods & Research, 21, November, pages 123-282.

Bollen, K.A. and R. Stine. 1992. "Bootstrapping Goodness of Fit Measures in Structural Equation Models." Sociological Methods and Research, 21:205-29. Reprinted in K.A. Bollen and J.S. Long (eds.) 1993. Testing Structural Equation Models.

Bollen, K.A. and G. Arminger. 1991. "Observational Residuals in Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Models." Sociological Methodology 21:235-62.

Bollen, K.A. and R. Lennox. 1991. "Conventional Wisdom on Measurement: A Structural Equation Perspective." Psychological Bulletin, 110:305-14.

Bollen, K.A. and R. Hoyle. 1990. "Perceived Cohesion: A Conceptual and Empirical Examination." Social Forces 69:479-504.

Bollen, K.A. 1990. "Political Democracy: Conceptual and Measurement Traps." Studies in Comparative International Development 25:7-24. Reprinted in On Measuring Democracy edited by Alex Inkeles (1991).

Bollen, K.A. and Robert Stine. 1990. "Direct and Indirect Effects: Classical and Bootstrap Estimates of Variability." Sociological Methodology 20:115-40.

Bollen, K.A. and Robert Jackman. 1990. "Regression Diagnostics: An Expository Treatment of Outliers and Influential Cases." Pages 257-91 in J. Fox and J. Scott Long (eds.) Modern Methods of Data Analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
(Revised version of 1985 SMR paper.)

Bollen, K.A. 1990. "Overall Fit in Covariance Structure Models: Two Types of Sample Size Effects." Psychological Bulletin, 107:256-59.

Bollen, K.A. and Robert Jackman. 1989. "Democracy, Stability, and Dichotomies." American Sociological Review, 54:612-21.

Bollen, K.A. 1989."A New Incremental Fit Index for General Structural Equation Models." Sociological Methods and Research, 17:303-16.

Bollen, K.A. and J. Liang. 1988. "Some Properties of Hoelter's CN." Sociological Methods and Research 16:492-503.

Bollen, K.A. 1987. "World System Status and Development Status: Overfitting or Proxy Variables?" International Journal of Comparative Sociology 28:75-9.

Bollen, K.A. 1987. "Total, Direct, and Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models." Sociological Methodology 17:37-69.

Bollen, K.A. 1987. "Outliers and Improper Solutions: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Example." Sociological Methods and Research 15:375-84.

Bollen, K.A. and R. Schwing. 1987. "Air Polution-Mortality Models: A Demonstration of the Effects of Measurement Error." Quality and Quantity 21:37-48.

Liang, J., R.H. Lawrence, and K. A. Bollen. 1987. "Race Differences in Two Measures of Subjective Well Being." Journal of Gerontology 42:426-8.

Bollen, K.A. 1987. "Structural Equation Approaches to Subjective Air Quality." pp. 57-72 in H. S. Koelega (ed.) Environmental Annoyance: Characterization, Measurement, and Control. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.

Liang, J., H. Asano, K. A. Bollen, E.F. Kahana, and D. Maeda. 1987. "Cross Cultural Comparability of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: An American Japanese Comparison." Journal of Gerontology 42:37-43.

Bollen, K.A. and J. Kmenta. 1986. "Estimation of Simultaneous Equation Models with Autoregressive or Heteroscedastic Disturbances." pp. 704-11 in J. Kmenta Elements of Econometrics. New York: Macmillan.

Bollen, K.A. 1986. "Sample Size and Bentler and Bonett's Nonnormed Fit Index." Psychometrika 51:375-7.

Bollen, K.A. 1986. "Political Rights and Political Liberties in Nations: An Evaluation of
Human Rights Measures, 1950 to 1984." American Association for the Advancement of Science's special issue of Human Rights Quarterly 8:567-91.

Liang, J., R.H. Lawrence, and K. A. Bollen. 1986. "Age Differences in the Structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale." J. of Psychology and Aging 1:27-33.

Bollen, K.A. and Karl G. Jöreskog. 1985. "Uniqueness Does Not Imply Identification: A Note on Confirmatory Factor Analysis." Sociological Methods and Research 14:155-63.

Bollen, K.A. and Robert Jackman. 1985. "Political Democracy and the Size Distribution of Income." American Sociological Review 50:438-57.

Phillips, David P. and K. A. Bollen. 1985. "Same Time Last Year: Selective Data Dredging for Negative Findings." American Sociological Review 50:364-76.

Liang, J. and K. A. Bollen. 1985. "Sex Differences in the Structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale." Journal of Gerontology 40:468-77.

Bollen, K.A. and Robert Jackman. 1985. "Regression Diagnostics: An Expository Treatment of Outliers and Influential Cases." Sociological Methods and Research 13:510 42.

Bollen, K.A. and Robert Jackman. 1985. "The Economic and Noneconomic Determinants of Political Democracy in the 1960s." Research in Political Sociology 1:27-48. Also, reprinted in The Political Sociology of the State edited by R. Braungart and M. Braungart (1990). Greenwich CT: JAI Press.

Bollen, K.A. 1984. "Multiple Indicators: Internal Consistency or No Necessary Relationship." Quality and Quantity 18:377-85.

Bollen, K.A. and B. Entwisle. 1984. "Economic Development and Fertility: A Note on Functional Form Specification." Comparative Social Research 7:179-93.

Bollen, K.A. 1983. "World System Position, Dependency and Political Democracy." American Sociological Review 48:468-79.
(Named as one of "ASR Greatest Hits" by Jerry Jacobs, Editor of American Sociological Review.)

Bollen, K.A. 1983. "Temporal Variations in Mortality: A Comparison of U. S. Suicides and Motor Vehicle Fatalities, 1972-1976." Demography 20:45-59.

Liang, J. and K. A. Bollen. 1983. "The Structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: A Reinterpretation." Journal of Gerontology 38:181-9.

Cermak, G. and K. A. Bollen. 1983. "Observer Consistency in Judging Extent of Cloud Cover". Atmospheric Environment 17:2109-10.

Bollen, K.A. and D. Phillips. 1982. "Imitative Suicides: A National Study of the Effects of Television News Stories." American Sociological Review 47:802-9.
(Named as one of "ASR Greatest Hits" by Jerry Jacobs, Editor of American Sociological Review.)

Bollen, K.A. and S. Jones. 1982. "Political Instability and Production: Motor Vehicle Output in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico." Studies in Comparative International Development 27:73-91.

Bollen, K.A. and S. Jones. 1982. "Political Instability and Foreign Direct Investment: The Motor Vehicle Industry, 1948-1965." Social Forces 60:1070-88.

Bollen, K.A. 1982. "A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Subjective Air Quality." Evaluation Review 6:521-35.

Cermak, G. and K. A. Bollen. 1982. "The Relationship Between Judged Visibility and Judged Air Quality: Results of a Survey." Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 32:86-8.

Bollen, K.A. and B. Grandjean. 1981. "The Dimension(s) of Democracy: Further Issues in the Measurement and Effects of Political Democracy." American Sociological Review 46:232-9.

Bollen, K.A. and D. Phillips. 1981. "Suicidal Motor Vehicle Fatalities (MVF) in Detroit: A Replication." American Journal of Sociology 87:404-12.

Bollen, K.A. and K.H. Barb. 1981. "Pearson's R and Coarsely Categorized Measures." American Sociological Review 46:232-9.

Bollen, K.A. 1980. "Issues in the Comparative Measurement of Political Democracy." American Sociological Review 80:370-90.
(Named as one of "ASR Greatest Hits" by Jerry Jacobs, Editor of American Sociological Review.)

Covello, V. and K.A. Bollen. 1979. "Status Consistency in Comparative Perspective: An Examination of Educational, Occupational, and Income Data in Nine Societies." Social Forces 58:528-39.

Bollen, K.A. 1979. "Political Democracy and the Timing of Development." American Sociological Review 44:572-87.

Bollen, K.A. and S. Ward. 1979. "Ratio Variables in Aggregate Data Analysis: Their Uses, Problems, and Alternatives." Sociological Methods and Research 7:431-50. Also, reprinted in Aggregate Data Analysis edited by D.J. Jackson and E.F. Borgatta (1980).

Archive Construction and Documentation

Bollen, K.A. 1998. Cross National Indicators of Liberal Democracy, 1950-90. (NSF
Funded Project. ICPSR Study No. 2532).

Comments, Replies,and Forewords

Bollen, K.A. 2007. "Interpretational confounding is due to misspecification, not to type of indicator: Comment on Howell, Breivik, and Wilcox (2007). Psychological Methods 12:219-28.

C. Zimmer and K. A. Bollen. 2002. "Is What You Ask, What You Get?" North Carolina Data Net September, 31:14.

Bollen, K.A. 2000. "Modeling Strategies: In Search of the Holy Grail." Structural Equation Modeling 7:74-81.

Bollen, K.A. 1995. "Apparent and Nonapparent Significance Tests." Sociological Methodology 25:459-68.

Bollen, K.A. and R.W. Jackman. 1995. "Income Inequality and Democratization Revisited: Comment on Muller." American Sociological Review, 60:983-89.

Bollen, K.A. 1994. "Foreword" to Rick Hoyle (ed.) Structural Equation Modeling: Issues and Applications. Newberry Park: California: Sage.

Bollen, K.A. 1990. "A Comment on Model Modification and Evaluation." Multivariate Behavioral Research 25:181-5.

Bollen, K.A. 1990. "Outlier Screening and a Distribution Free Test for Vanishing Tetrads." Sociological Methods and Research 19:80-92.

Bollen, K.A. 1988. "If You Ignore Outliers, Will They Go Away? A Response to Gasiorowski." Comparative Political Studies 20:516-22.

Bollen, K.A. 1986. "`Cause' and `Effect' Indicators." in The Practice of Social Research (4th Edition) by Earl Babbie.

Bollen, K.A. and K.H. Barb. 1983. "Collapsing Variables and Validity Coefficients (Reply to O'Brien)." American Sociological Review 48:286.

Bollen, K.A. and B. Grandjean. 1983. "Issues of Theory, Issues of Fact (Reply to Fornell)." American Sociological Review 48:138-40.

Reviews

Bollen, K.A. 1997. "Review of L. Hayduck LISREL:Issues, Debates, and Strategies." Social Forces 76:352-4.

Bollen, K.A. and Kwok fai Ting. 1991. "Review of P. Bentler's EQS 3.0 and K. Jöreskog and D. Sörbom's LISREL 7.16." American Statistician 45:68-73.

Bollen, K.A. 1988. "Review of The Statistical Analysis of Quasi Experiments by C. Achen." Contemporary Sociology 17:433-4.

Bollen, K.A. 1988."Review of Matrices and Society [Matrix Algebra and its Applications in the Social Sciences] by Ian Bradley and Ronald L. Meek." Contemporary Sociology 17:127.

Bollen, K.A. 1985. "Review of Industrialization and Development: A Third World Perspective by Pradip K. Ghosh (ed) and Contending Approaches to World System Analysis by William R. Thompson (ed)." Contemporary Sociology 14:250-1.

Bollen, K.A. 1981. "Review of The Political Economy of Distribution by Michael D. Ward." American Journal of Sociology 87:502-4.

Bollen, K.A. and B. Entwisle. 1978. "Review of Mortality Patterns in National Populations by Samuel Preston." American Journal of Sociology 84:785-8.